Characteristics analysis of interior and inset type permanent magnet motors for electric vehicle applications

Pudji Irasari; Ketut Wirtayasa; Puji Widiyanto; Muhammad Fathul Hikmawan; Muhammad Kasim; Pudji Irasari; Ketut Wirtayasa; Puji Widiyanto; Muhammad Fathul Hikmawan; Muhammad Kasim

doi:10.14203/j.mev.2021.v12.1-9

Characteristics analysis of interior and inset type permanent magnet motors for electric vehicle applications

Pudji Irasari, Ketut Wirtayasa, Puji Widiyanto, Muhammad Fathul Hikmawan, Muhammad Kasim

Abstract

Permanent magnet motors (PMMs) are widely used in electric vehicles because of their benefits. Based on the permanent magnet topologies on the rotor, PMMs are classified into three types: surface mounted PMM, inset PMM, and interior PMM. This paper discusses a comparison of the characteristics of interior and inset types of PMMs for electric vehicle applications. The study aims to find out the effect of the rotor construction on the magnetic characteristics, torque-speed characteristics, and cogging torque. Simulations were carried out analytically and numerically using the FEMM 4.2 software. The simulation results at the base speed show that the interior PMM generates a higher torque but with a lower rotation, namely 56.47 Nm and 3162 rpm, respectively, while the inset PMM produces higher rotation 4200 rpm but lower output torque of 46.01 Nm. However, with a higher saliency ratio, the interior PMM produces higher maximum torque and speed at both constant torque and field weakening regions than the PMM inset, which is 92.87 Nm and 6310 rpm, consecutively. In terms of cogging torque, the interior PMM raises it slightly higher (2.90 Nm) than the inset PMM (1.93 Nm). The results conclude that, in general, the interior PMM shows better performance in all studied regions and is preferable for electric vehicle applications.

10.14203/j.mev.2021.v12.1-9

Keywords

permanent magnet motor; interior PMM; inset PMM; torque-speed characteristic; cogging torque.

Full Text:

PDF

References

B. Qu, Q. Yang, Y. Li, M. A. Sotelo, S. Ma, and Z. Li, "A Novel Surface Inset Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles," Symmetry, vol. 12, pp. 1-14, 2020.

T. A. Huynh and M.-F. Hsieh, "Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motors for Electric Vehicles (EV) Traction Considering Driving Cycles " Energies, vol. 11, pp. 1-24, 2018.

L. Petkovska and G. Cvetkovski, "Assessment of Torques for a Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Using FEA," Przegląd Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Review), vol. 87, pp. 132-136, 2011.

F. Erken, E. Öksüztepe, and H. Kürüm, "Online Adaptive Decision Fusion Based Torque Ripple Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor," IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 10, pp. 189–196, 2016.

Z. S. Du and T. A. Lipo, "Reducing Torque Ripple Using Axial Pole Shaping in Interior Permanent Magnet Machines," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 56, pp. 148-157, 2020.

T. F. Janecek, J. M. Dyer, and K. Williams, "Cogging Torque Reduction Device for Electrical Machines," US Patent US9006951B2, 2015.

G. J. Li, B. Ren, Z. Q. Zhu, Y. X. Li, and J. Ma, "Cogging Torque Mitigation of Modular Permanent Magnet Machines," IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, vol. X, pp. 1-10, 2015.

J. R. B. A. Monteiro, A. A. O. Jr, M. L. Aguiar, and E. R. Sanagiotti, "Electromagnetic Torque Ripple and Copper Losses Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines," European Transactions on Electrical Power, vol. 22, pp. 627-644, 2011.

G. G.-Lopez, M. Perisic, and S. Hiti, "Gain Adjustment to Improve Torque Linearity in a Field Weakening Region," US Patent US 8,228,016 B2, 2012.

M. T. Elsayed, O. A. Mahgoub, and S. A. Zaid, "Simulation Study of a New Approach for Field Weakening Control of PMSM," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 12, pp. 136-144, 2012.

F. Ma, H. Yin, L. Wei, G. Tian, and H. Gao, "Design and Optimization of IPM Motor Considering Flux Weakening Capability and Vibration for Electric Vehicle Applications," Sustainability, vol. 10, pp. 1-15, 2018.

A. Rahideh, H. M.-Jahromi, M. Mardaneh, F. Dubas, and T. Korakianitis, "Analytical Calculations of Electromagnetic Quantities for Slotted Brushless Machines with Surface-Inset Magnets," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 72, pp. 49–65, 2017.

W. Zhao, T. A. Lipo, and B.-I. Kwon, "Optimal Design of a Novel Asymmetrical Rotor Structure to Obtain Torque and Efficiency Improvement in Surface Inset PM Motors," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics vol. 51, 2015.

D. Matsuhashi, K. Matsuo, T. Okitsu, T. Ashikaga, and T. Mizuno, "Comparison Study of Various Motors for EVs and the Potentiality of a Ferrite Magnet Motor," IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications, vol. 4, pp. 174-179, 2015.

A. Jabbari, "2D Analytical Modeling of Magnetic Vector Potential in Surface Mounted and Surface Inset Permanent Magnet Machines," Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 362-373, 2017.

M. Ali, M. Hejra, and T. Hafedh, "On the Performances Investigation of Different Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines," International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System, vol. 6, pp. 509-515, 2015.

H. Chengyuan, "Design of High Efficiency Brushless Permanent Magnet Machines and Driver System," Doctoral Thesis, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 2018.

K. Wirtayasa, P. Irasari, M. Kasim, P. Widiyanto, and M. F. Hikmawan, "Load Characteristic Analysis of a Double-side Internal Coreless Stator Axial Flux PMG," Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology, vol. 10, pp. 17–23, 2019.

M. R. Khowja, G. Vakil, and C. Gerada, "Analytical Tool to Generate Torque-Speed Characteristics for Surface Mounted

PM Machines in Constant Torque and Field Weakening Regions," in IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal, 2019, pp. 922-927. 6

B. M. Wilamowski and J. D. Irwin, Power Electronics and Motor Drives, Second ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011.

X. Zhang, J. Ji, J. Zheng, and X. Zhu, "Improvement of Reluctance Torque in Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Machines With Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Windings," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 28, 2018.

M. G.-Gracia, Á. J. Romero, J. H. Ciudad, and S. M. Arroyo, "Cogging Torque Reduction Based on a New Pre-Slot Technique for a SmallWind Generator," Energies, vol. 11, pp. 1-15, 2018.

M. Satoa, M. Nireib, Y. Yamanakaa, T. Suzukia, Y. Bua, and T. Mizunoa, "Increasing the Efficiency of a Drone Motor by Arranging Magnetic Sheets to Windings," Energy Reports vol. 6, pp. 439–446, 2020.

Z. Zhang, C. Xia, H. Wang, and T. Shi, "Analytical Field Calculation and Analysis of Surface Inset Permanent Magnet Machines With High Saliency Ratio," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 52, 2016.

J. Liang, A. Parsapour, Z. Yang, C. C.-Narvaez, M. Moallem, and B. Fahimi, "Optimization of Air-Gap Profile in Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors for Torque Ripple Mitigation," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 5, pp. 118-125, 2019.